Thermodynamics and hydrodynamics of spontaneous and forced imbibition in conical capillaries: A theoretical study of conical liquid diode

Thermodynamics and hydrodynamics of spontaneous forced imbibition liquid into conical capillaries are studied to assess the feasibility a diode. The analytical formulas for Laplace pressure critical Young's contact angle capillary onset derived using classical model thermodynamics. below which can occur belongs hydrophilic region with diverging radius while it hydrophobic converging radius. Thus, by choosing between these two angles, only toward occurs. Therefore, acts as forward direction that reverse Even under external applied pressure, free-energy landscape implies occurs tuning pressure. Furthermore, scaling rule time scale is assuming Hagen–Poiseuille steady flow. Again, advantageous compared when both directions possible. our theoretical analysis shows